NASB — Isaiah 28 — KJV

Ephraim’s Captivity Predicted

  1 Woe° to the proud° crown° of the adrunkards° of bEphraim°,
  And to the fading° flower° of its glorious° beauty°,
  Which° is at the head° of the Ifertile° valley°
  Of those who are IIovercome° with wine°!
  2 Behold°, the Lord° has a strong° and amighty° [agent];
  As a storm° of bhail°, a tempest° of destruction°,
  Like a storm° of cmighty° overflowing° waters°,
  He has cast° [it] down° to the earth° with [His] hand°.
  3 The proud° crown° of the drunkards° of Ephraim° is atrodden° under foot°.
  4 And the fading° flower° of its glorious° beauty°,
  Which° is at the head° of the Ifertile° valley°,
  Will be like the afirst-ripe° fig° prior° to summer°,
  Which° IIone sees°,
  [And] IIIas soon° as it is in his IVhand°,
  He swallows° it.
  5 In that day° the aLORD° of hosts° will become° a beautiful° bcrown°
  And a glorious° diadem° to the remnant° of His people°;
  6 A aspirit° of justice° for him who sits° in judgment°,
  A bstrength° to those who repel° the Ionslaught° at the gate°.
  7 And these° also° areel° with wine° and stagger° from strong° drink°:
  bThe priest° and cthe prophet° reel° with strong° drink°,
  They are confused° by wine°, they stagger° from dstrong° drink°;
  They reel° while Ihaving evisions°,
  They totter° [when rendering] judgment°.
  8 For all° the tables° are full° of filthy° avomit°, without° a [single clean] place°.

[1] ILit valley of fatness IILit smitten aIs 28:7; Ho 7:5 bIs 9:9
[2] aIs 8:7; 40:10 bIs 28:17; 30:30; 32:19; Ezk 13:11 cIs 8:6, 7; 30:28; Na 1:8
[3] aIs 26:6; 28:18
[4] ILit valley of fatness IILit the one seeing sees IIILit while it is yet IVLit palm aHo 9:10; Mi 7:1; Na 3:12
[5] aIs 41:16; 45:25; 60:1, 19 bIs 62:3
[6] ILit battle a1K 3:28; Is 11:2; 32:15, 16; Jn 5:30 b2Ch 32:6-8; Is 25:4
[7] ILit seeing aIs 5:11, 22; 22:13; 56:12; Ho 4:11 bIs 24:2 cIs 9:15 dHab 2:15, 16 eIs 29:11
[8] aJr 48:26

  9 ¶ “To awhom° would He teach° knowledge°,
  And to whom° would He interpret° the message°?
  Those [just] bweaned° from milk°?
  Those [just] taken° from the breast°?
  10 “For [He says],
  ‘IaOrder° on order°, order° on order°,
  Line° on line°, line° on line°,
  A little° here°, a little° there°.’”
  11 Indeed°, He will speak° to this° people°
  Through astammering° lips° and a foreign° tongue°,
  12 He who° said° to them, “Here° is arest°, give° rest° to the weary°,”
  And, “Here° is repose°,” but they would° not listen°.
  13 So the word° of the LORD° to them will be,
  “IOrder° on order°, order° on order°,
  Line° on line°, line° on line°,
  A little° here°, a little° there°,”
  That they may go° and astumble° backward°, be broken°, snared° and taken° captive°.

[9] aIs 2:3; 28:26; 30:20; 48:17; 50:4; 54:13 bPs 131:2
[10] IHeb Sav lasav, sav lasav, Kav lakav, kav lakav, Ze’ er sham, ze’ er sham These Hebrew monosyllables, imitating the babbling of a child, mock the prophet’s preaching a2Ch 36:15; Ne 9:30
[11] aIs 33:19; 1Co 14:21
[12] aIs 11:10; 30:15; 32:17, 18; Jr 6:16; Mt 11:28, 29
[13] IV 10, note 1 The LORD responds to their scoffing by imitating their mockery, to represent the unintelligible language of a conqueror aIs 8:15; Mt 21:44

Judah Is Warned

  14 Therefore°, ahear° the word° of the LORD°, O bscoffers°°,
  Who rule° this° people° who° are in Jerusalem°,
  15 Because° you have said°, “We have made° a acovenant° with death°,
  And with ISheol° we have made° a IIpact°.
  bThe overwhelming° IIIscourge° will not reach° us when° it passes° by,
  For we have made° cfalsehood° our refuge° and we have dconcealed° ourselves with deception°.”
16 Therefore° thus° says° the Lord° IGOD°,
  “aBehold°, I am laying° in Zion° a stone°, a tested° bstone°,
  A costly° cornerstone° [for] the foundation°, IIfirmly° placed°.
  He who believes° [in it] will not be IIIdisturbed°.
  17 “I will make° ajustice° the measuring° line°
  And righteousness° the level°;
  Then bhail° will sweep° away° the refuge° of lies°
  And the waters° will overflow° the secret° place°.
  18 “Your acovenant° with death° will be Ibcanceled°,
  And your pact° with Sheol° will not stand°;
  When° the aoverwhelming° scourge° passes° through°,
  Then you become° its ctrampling° [place].
  19 “As aoften° as it passes° through°, it will Iseize° you;
  For bmorning° after morning° it will pass° through°, [anytime] during the day° or night°,
  And it will be IIsheer° cterror° to understand° IIIwhat° it means°.”
  20 The bed° is too° short° on which to stretch° out,
  And the ablanket° is too Ismall° to wrap° oneself in.
  21 For the LORD° will rise° up as [at] Mount° aPerazim°,
  He will be stirred° up as in the valley° of bGibeon°,
  To do° His ctask°, His Idunusual° task°,
  And to work° His work°, His IIextraordinary° work°.
  22 And now° do not carry° on as ascoffers°,
  Or° your fetters° will be made° stronger°;
  For I have heard° from the Lord° IGOD° of hosts°
  Of decisive° bdestruction° on all° the earth°.

[14] aIs 1:10; 28:22 bIs 29:20
[15] II.e. the nether world IISo some ancient versions; Heb seer IIIOr flood aIs 28:18 bIs 8:8; 28:2; 30:28; Dn 11:22 cIs 9:15; 30:9; 44:20; 59:3, 4; Ezk 13:22 dIs 29:15
[16] IHeb YHWH, usually rendered LORD IILit well-laid IIILit in a hurry aRo 9:33; 10:11; 1P 2:6 bPs 118:22; Is 8:14, 15; Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; Ac 4:11; Ep 2:20
[17] a2K 21:13; Is 5:16; 30:18; 61:8; Am 7:7-9 bIs 28:2
[18] ILit covered over aIs 28:15 bIs 7:7; 8:10 cIs 28:3; Dn 8:13
[19] ILit take IILit only IIILit the report, or, the message a2K 24:2 bIs 50:4 cJb 6:4; 18:11; 24:17; Ps 55:4; 88:15; Lm 2:22
[20] ILit narrow aIs 59:6
[21] ILit task is strange IILit work is alien a2S 5:20; 1Ch 14:11 bJsh 10:10, 12; 2S 5:25; 1Ch 14:16 cIs 10:12; 29:14; 65:7 dLm 2:15; 3:33; Lk 19:41-44
[22] IHeb YHWH, usually rendered LORD aIs 28:14 bIs 10:22, 23

  23 ¶ Give° ear° and hear° my voice°,
  Listen° and hear° my words°.
  24 Does the Ifarmer° plow° IIcontinually°° to plant° seed°?
  Does he [continually] IIIturn° and harrow° the ground°?
  25 Does he not level° its surface°
  And sow° dill° and scatter° acummin°
  And Iplant° bwheat° in rows°,
  Barley° in its place° and rye° within its IIarea°?
  26 For his God° instructs° and teaches° him properly°.
  27 For dill° is not threshed° with a athreshing° sledge°,
  Nor° is the cartwheel° Idriven° over° cummin°;
  But dill° is beaten° out with a rod°, and cummin° with a club°.
  28 [Grain for] bread° is crushed°,
  Indeed°, he does not continue° to thresh° it forever°.
  Because the wheel° of [his] cart° and his horses° [eventually] Idamage° [it],
  He does not thresh° it longer.
  29 This° also° comes° from the LORD° of hosts°,
  [Who] has made° [His] counsel° awonderful° and [His] wisdom° bgreat°.

[24] ILit plowman IILit all day IIILit open
[25] ILit put IILit region aMt 23:23 bEx 9:32
[27] ILit rolled aAm 1:3
[28] ILit discomfit
[29] aIs 9:6 bIs 31:2; Ro 11:33


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The prophet threateneth Ephraim for thier pride and drunkenness.

1 ¶ Woeº to the crownº of pride,º to the drunkardsº of Ephraim,º whose gloriousº beautyº [is] a fadingºª flower,º which² [are] on² the headº of the fatº valleysº of them that are overcomeºª with wine!º 2 Behold,² the Lordº hath a mightyº and strong one,º [which] as a tempestº of hailº [and] a destroyingº storm,º as a floodº of mightyº watersº overflowing,ºª shall cast down¹ª² to the earthº with the hand.º 3 The crownº of pride,º the drunkardsº of Ephraim,º shall be troddenºª under feet:º 4 And the gloriousº beauty,º which² [is] on² the headº of the fatº valley,º shall be² a fadingºª flower,º [and] as the hasty fruitº before² the summer;º which² [when] he that lookethºª upon it seeth,ºª while it is yet² in his handº he eateth it up.ºª

[1] 2K 14:25; 15:29; 18:10; 2Ch 28:6; 30:6; Pv 23:29; Is 5:11, 22; 7:8; 8:4; 28:3, 4, 7; Ho 4:11; 5:5; 6:10; 7:5; Am 2:8, 12; 6:1, 6.
[2] Is 8:7; 9:9; 25:4; 27:1; 28:15; 29:6; 30:30; Ezk 13:11; 30:10; Na 1:8; Mt 7:25; Rv 18:8.
[3] 2K 9:33; Is 25:10; 26:6; 28:1; Lm 1:15; Dn 8:13; He 10:29; Rv 11:2.
[4] Ps 73:19; Is 28:1; Ho 6:4; 9:10, 16; 13:1, 15; Mi 7:1; Na 3:12; Jm 1:10; Rv 6:13.

The residue shall be advanced in the Kingdom of Christ.

5 ¶ In that² dayº shall the LORDº of hostsº be² for a crownº of glory,º and for a diademº of beauty,º unto the residueº of his people,º 6 And for a spiritº of judgmentº to him that sittethºª in² judgment,º and for strengthº to them that turnºª the battleº to the gate.º

[5] Jb 29:14; Ps 90:16; Is 10:20; 11:16; 37:31; 41:16; 45:25; 60:1, 19; 62:3; Jr 9:23; Zc 6:13; Lk 2:32; Ro 11:5; 1Co 1:30; 2Co 4:17; 1P 5:4.
[6] Gn 41:38; Nu 11:16; 27:16; Dt 20:4; Jsh 1:9; 1K 3:28; Ps 18:32; 46:1, 11; 72:1; Pv 20:8; Is 11:2; 32:15; Jn 3:34; 5:30; 1Co 12:8.

He rebuketh their error.

7 ¶ But theyº also² have erredºª through wine,º and through strong drinkº are out of the way;ºª the priestº and the prophetº have erredºª through strong drink,º they are swallowed upºª ofº wine,º they are out of the wayºª through² strong drink;º they errºª in vision,º they stumbleºª [in] judgment.º 8 For² all² tablesº are fullºª of vomitº [and] filthiness,º [so that there is] no² placeº [clean].

[7] Lv 10:9; Ps 107:27; Pv 20:1; 31:4; Ec 10:17; Is 3:12; 9:16; 19:14; 56:10; Jr 14:14; 23:13, 16; Lm 2:4; Ezk 13:7; 44:21; Ho 4:11, 12; Mi 2:11; Mt 24:29; Lk 21:34; Ep 5:28.
[8] Pv 26:11; Jr 48:26; Hab 2:15.

Their untowardness to learn,

9² Whom² shall he teachºª knowledge?º and whom² shall he make to understandºª doctrine?º [them that are] weanedºª from the milk,º² [and] drawnº from the breasts.º² 10 For² preceptº [must be] upon precept,º preceptº upon precept;º lineº upon line,º lineº upon line;º here² a little,º [and] there² a little:º 11 For² with stammeringº lipsº and anotherº tongueº will he speakºª to² this² people.º 12 To² whom² he said,ºª This² [is] the restº [wherewith] ye may cause the wearyº to rest;ºª and this² [is] the refreshing:º yet they wouldºª not² hear.ºª 13 But the wordº of the LORDº was² unto them preceptº upon precept,º preceptº upon precept;º lineº upon line,º lineº upon line;º here² a little,º [and] there² a little;º that² they might go,¹ª² and fallºª backward,º and be broken,ºª and snared,ºª and taken.ºª

[9] Ps 50:17; 131:2; Pv 1:29; Is 30:10; 53:1; Jr 5:31; 6:10; Mt 11:25; 21:15; Mk 10:15; Jn 3:19; 12:38, 47; 1P 2:2.
[10] Dt 6:1; 2Ch 36:15; Ne 9:29; Is 5:4; 28:13; Jr 11:7; 25:3; Mt 21:34; Php 3:1; 2Ti 3:7; He 5:12.
[11] Dt 28:49; Jr 5:15; 1Co 14:21.
[12] 2Ch 14:11; 16:8; Ps 81:11; Is 30:15; Jr 6:16; 44:16; Zc 7:11, 14; Mt 11:28; He 12:25.
[13] Ps 69:22; Is 6:9; 8:14; 28:10; Jr 23:36; Ho 6:5; 8:12; Mt 13:14; 21:44; Ro 11:9; 2Co 2:16; 1P 2:7; 2P 3:16.

and their security.

14 ¶ Wherefore² hearºª the wordº of the LORD,º ye scornfulº men,¹² that ruleºª this² peopleº which² [is] in Jerusalem.º 15 Because² ye have said,ºª We have madeºª a covenantº with² death,º and with² hellº are we¹ª at² agreement;º when² the overflowingºª scourgeºª¹ shall pass through,ºªªª it shall not² comeºª unto us: for² we have madeºª liesº our refuge,º and under falsehoodº have we hid¹ª ourselves:²

[14] Pv 1:22; 3:34; 29:8; Is 1:10; 5:9; 28:22; 29:20; Ho 7:5; Ac 13:41.
[15] Jb 5:23; 15:25; Ec 8:8; Is 5:18; 8:7; 30:10; Jr 5:31; 14:13; 16:19; 28:15; 44:17; Ezk 8:12; 13:16, 22; Dn 11:22; Ho 2:18; Am 2:4; Jna 2:8; Zp 1:12; 2Th 2:9.

Christ the sure foundation is promised.

16 ¶ Therefore² thus² saithºª the Lordº GOD,º Behold,² I layºª in Zionº for a foundation² a stone,º a triedº stone,º a preciousº cornerº [stone], a sureºª foundation:º he that believethºª shall not² make haste.ºª 17 Judgmentº also will I layºª to the line,º and righteousnessº to the plummet:º and the hailº shall sweep awayºª the refugeº of lies,º and the watersº shall overflowºª the hiding place.º

[16] Gn 49:10, 24; Ps 112:7; 118:22; Is 8:14; 30:18; Hab 2:3; Zc 3:9; Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; Ac 4:11; Ro 9:33; 10:11; 1Co 3:11; Ep 2:20; Jm 5:7; 1P 2:6.
[17] Ex 9:18; Jsh 10:11; 2K 21:13; Jb 22:16; Ps 94:15; Is 10:22; 25:4; 28:2, 15; 30:28; 32:2, 18; Jr 7:4, 14, 20; 23:19; 30:23; Ezk 13:10; 38:22; Dn 11:22; Am 7:7; Mt 7:27; Ro 2:2, 5; 9:28; 2P 3:6; Rv 8:7; 11:19; 16:21; 19:2.

Their security shall be tried.

18 ¶ And your covenantº with² deathº shall be disannulled,ºª and your agreementº with² hellº shall not² stand;ºª when² the overflowingºª scourgeº shall pass through,ºª then ye shall be² trodden downº by it. 19 From the timeº² that it goeth forthºª it shall takeºª you: for² morningº by morningº shall it pass over,ºª by dayº and by night:º and it shall be² a vexationº only² [to] understandºª the report.º 20 For² the bedº is shorterºª than that [a man] can stretch¹ª himself²² [on it]: and the coveringº narrowerºª than that he can wrap¹ª himself² [in it]. 21 For² the LORDº shall rise upºª as [in] mountº Perazim,¹² he shall be wrothºª as [in] the valleyº of Gibeon,º that he may doºª his work,º his strangeºª work;º and bring to passºª his act,º his strangeº act.º 22 Now² therefore be ye not mockers,ºª² lest² your bandsº be made strong:ºª for² I have heardºª from²² the Lordº GODº of hostsº a consumption,º even determinedºª upon² the whole² earth.º

[18] Is 2:15; 7:7; 8:8, 10; 28:3; Jr 44:28; 47:2; Ezk 17:15; Dn 8:9; 9:26; 11:40; Zc 1:6; Mal 4:1; Rv 12:15; 17:15.
[19] 1S 3:11; 2K 17:6; 18:13; 21:12; Is 10:5; 33:7; 36:22; 37:3; Jr 19:3; Ezk 21:19; Dn 7:28; 8:27; Hab 3:16; Lk 21:25.
[20] Is 57:12; 59:5; 64:6; 66:3; Jr 7:8; Ro 9:30; 1Co 1:18.
[21] Dt 29:21; Jsh 10:10, 12; 2S 5:20, 25; 1Ch 14:11, 16; Is 28:19; Jr 30:14; Lm 2:15; 3:33; Ezk 33:21; Lk 19:41.
[22] 2Ch 30:10; 33:11; 36:16; Ps 107:16; Is 10:22; 24:1; 28:15; 32:12; Jr 15:17; 20:7; 25:11; 39:7; Lm 1:14; Dn 9:26; Mt 27:39, 44; Lk 21:24; Ac 13:40; 17:32; Rv 22:18.

They are incited to the consideration of God's discreet providence.

23 ¶ Give ye ear,ºª and hearºª my voice;º hearken,ºª and hearºª my speech.º 24 Doth the plowmanºª plowºª all² dayº to sow?ºª doth he openºª and break the clodsºª of his ground?º 25 When² he hath made plainºª the faceº thereof, doth he not² cast abroadºª the fitches,º and scatterºª the cummin,º and castºª in the principalº wheatº and the appointedºª barleyº and the rieº in their place?º 26 For his Godº doth instructºª him to discretion,º [and] doth teachºª him. 27 For² the fitchesº are not² threshedºª with a threshing instrument,º neither is a cartº wheelº turned² about¹ª upon² the cummin;º but² the fitchesº are beaten outºª with a staff,º and the cumminº with a rod.º 28 Breadº [corn] is bruised;ºª because² he will not² everº be threshingº¹ªª it, nor breakºª [it with] the wheelº of his cart,º nor² bruiseºª it [with] his horsemen.º 29 This² also² cometh forthºª from²² the LORDº of hosts,º [which] is wonderfulºª in counsel,º [and] excellentºª in working.º

[23] Dt 32:1; Is 1:2; Jr 22:29; Rv 2:7, 11, 14, 29.
[24] Jr 4:3; Ho 10:11.
[25] Ex 9:31; Ezk 4:9.
[26] Ex 28:3; 31:3; 36:2; Jb 35:11; 39:17; Ps 144:1; Dn 1:17; Jm 1:17.
[27] 2K 13:7; Is 27:7; 41:15; Jr 10:24; 46:28; Am 1:3.
[28] Is 21:10; 28:27; Am 9:9; Mt 3:12; 13:37; Lk 22:31; Jn 12:24; 1Co 3:9; 9:9.
[29] Jb 5:9; 37:23; Ps 40:5; 92:5; Is 9:6; 28:21; Jr 32:19; Dn 4:2; Ro 11:33.


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